1. Definition and planning
In this stage the software development side and the requirement side discuss together, mainly fixing the software’s development goals and their feasibility.
2. Requirement analysis
With feasibility settled, analyse in detail the requirements of every function the software must realise. Requirement analysis is a vital stage: done well, it lays a solid foundation for the whole project. The only constant is change itself, and software requirements likewise keep changing and deepening during development, so we must draw up a requirement change plan to absorb that change and keep the project running normally.
3. Software design
In this stage, based on the analysis results, design the whole software system, such as the system framework design and database design. Software design generally splits into overall design and detailed design, and good design lays a solid base for programming.
4. Coding
This stage converts the design’s results into program code the computer can run. Coding must establish unified, standards-compliant writing conventions, ensuring the program’s readability and maintainability and raising its running efficiency.
5. Software testing
After design completes, test rigorously to discover problems existing in the whole design process and correct them. The testing stage divides into unit testing, integration (assembly) testing and system testing, with white-box and black-box as the main methods.
6. Operation and maintenance
To clear faults and errors arising in operation, maintenance staff modify and perfect the software; to fit changes in the user’s environment and meet newly raised needs, they update parts of the original software. This is called operation and maintenance. Its tasks are correcting hidden errors found in use, and extending functions and performance as users demand, with the goal of keeping the software system running normally. This stage’s documents are the software problem report and the software modification report, recording how errors were found and how the software was modified.
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